In the case of human depression, two main environmental psychosocial factors were identified, childhood adversity (CHA) and recent negative life events (RLE), which usually precede the development of episodes [1]. Caspi et al [10] reported that 5-HTTLPR s allele modulates the effects of stressful life events in the development of depression. Although numerous genetic epidemiological studies replicated the initial findings, there are also non-replications and part replications, and even meta-analyses draw differing conclusions (see, e.g. [11,12]). The failure of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to detect risk genes for MDD [13] further emphasize that depression as a diagnosis is genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous and delineation of more homogeneous specific sub-categories and inclusion of depression-related phenotypes are necessary to identify genetic risk factors [2,14,15]. To explore this concept, in our sufficiently large population we investigated depression-related phenotypes, such as lifetime depression, Brief Symptom Inventory current depression and anxiety scores to determine whether 5-HTTLPR has similar effects on these measures and whether 5-HTTLPR modulates the effects of life events in the development of these phenotypes. We specifically tested whether age and presence of
