Chunk #37 — Results — Question 1: What Are the Similarities and Differences in the Structure and Etiology of Behavioral Disinhibition at Two Points in Adolescent Development? — The behavioral disinhibition factor
Figure 2 shows results from our parallel analyses of the Wave 2 data, collected when the same twins were 17 years old. Again, the model provided a good fit to the data: χ2(200, N = 293) = 299.60, p < .001, RMSEA = .058. The factor loadings showed a pattern that differed somewhat from Wave 1. Although conduct disorder and ADHD continued to show the highest loadings (λs = .86 and .76, respectively), substance use and novelty seeking were increasingly related to the latent behavioral disinhibition factor (both significant at p < .01). The heritability of behavioral disinhibition was more moderate (43%) in late adolescence, with greater influence by twins’ shared environment, which accounted for 40% (p < .05) of the variance in behavioral disinhibition.
