DeLisi used both structural imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in a self-referred group of 11 47,XXY adults and age-matched controls [DeLisi et al., 2005]; this study is the only one to date reporting DTI data. Five of the 11 subjects in this group had some type of mosaicism. Although XXY males did not have lower IQ levels than control subjects, they had worse scores on several measures of verbal performance and executive functioning. Notable in this group was the high degree of psychopathology; nine of the 11 met criteria for a primary psychiatric diagnosis, including one with schizoaffective disorder and three with affective disorders with psychotic features. The brain imaging data showed decreased total brain volumes, with specific decreases in the frontal and temporal lobes and posterior STG; there were no significant differences in the anterior STG, amygdala/ hippocampus complex, or ventricles. Rightward asymmetry in the STG was decreased in the XXY males at a trend level.
