In summary, this study employed PAC to investigate abnormal neural oscillations in ID patients using resting‐state EEG. Our results revealed for the first time that attenuated theta–gamma, alpha–beta, and beta–gamma PAC in ID patients and left DLPFC 1 Hz rTMS treatment ameliorated poor sleep quality and impaired theta–gamma and alpha–beta PAC in ID patients. Furthermore, enhanced PAC values are significantly associated with improved sleep quality. Therefore, PAC may be a novel sleep quality biomarker that improves our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of ID and provides new ideas for the treatment of ID.
