records), (2) driving a motor vehicle or arranging travel outside of the home, (3) remembering to take medications and to keep appointments, and (4) preparing a balanced meal. We defined loss of independence in IADLs as a score of 2 (“requires assistance”) or 3 (“dependent”) in at least three of the four activities. For BADLs, we used the CDR Personal Care domain, 11 with loss of independence in BADLs defined as a score of 2, indicating “requires assistance in dressing, hygiene, keeping of personal effects”; or 3, indicating “requires much help with personal care.”
