An initial study from the UK Biobank found 4 SNPs across the ADH region were associated with alcohol consumption, rs145452708, rs29001570, rs35081954, and rs193099203; rs1229984 was not tested because it deviated from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (Clarke et al., 2017). Their findings at least in part reflect the effects of ADH1B*2, since the associated SNPs are in LD with rs1229984 (D’ = 1, 0.74, 0.91, 0.56, respectively, based on 5 EUR populations, Table 2). In a later UK Biobank GWAS of a partially overlapping sample, ADH1B*2 was very strongly associated with total AUDIT score (p = 5.8×10−72), AUDIT-C (items 1–3, consumption; p = 2.6×10−56), and AUDIT-P (items 7–10, problems; p = 9.9×10−46) (Sanchez-Roige et al., 2018). Conditioning the analysis on rs1229984 rendered other nearby SNPs (except rs13107325) no longer significant, demonstrating that the signal derived from ADH1B*2 (Sanchez-Roige et al., 2018). Meta-analysis of AUDIT scores in the UK biobank and 23andme participants of European ancestry (rs1229984 was not available in 23andme (Sanchez-Roige et al., 2017)) showed rs138495951, in ADH1B, was strongly associated with total AUDIT score (p = 10.7×10−36) (Sanchez-Roige et
