All participants from studies downloaded from dbGaP provided written informed consent under protocols approved by each institution's IRB, as required by dbGaP and posted on the dbGaP website. All participants recruited from University of California Irvine, City of Hope, Columbia University, Mayo Clinic and University of Maryland signed informed consent at the time of study enrollment under protocols approved by each of the respective institutions' IRBs. The subjects from UC Irvine and City of Hope were collected under Dr. Neuhausen's direction with the University of California Irvine IRB approved protocol HS 2002-2521 and the City of Hope/Beckman Research Institute IRB approved protocol 09169. Subjects from the Mayo Clinic were collected under Dr. Murray's direction with the Mayo Clinic IRB approved protocol 1173-99. Subjects from the University of Maryland were collected under the direction of Dr. Fasano with the three University of Maryland IRB approved protocols H-27784, H-29090, and H-29938. The samples from Columbia University were collected under the direction of Dr. Green with the two Columbia University IRB approved protocols 8562 and AAAE8893.
