original study, the failure to replicate is often ascribed to the methodological differences between the studies and as such, may lead to publication bias (Ioannidis, 2005; Nosek et al., 2012; Pashler and Harris, 2012). In contrast, direct replication studies, which use the same experimental conditions, subject population, and methodology to examine the reproducibility of previously reported results, have been rare, with some exceptions (see Newlin and Thomson, 1999). The lack of direct replication studies in alcohol research may have contributed to an incomplete understanding of the relationship between risk factors for the development of alcohol use disorders (AUD) and acute alcohol response.
