Genetic and neurobiological underpinnings of response inhibition have received enormous attention in the past decade because deficits of response inhibition, or behavioral disinhibition, became a central concept in the studies of psychiatric disorders, particularly those belonging to the “externalizing” spectrum (Young et al., 2009). These behavioral phenotypes show very high heritability, however, relatively little is known about the neural mechanisms mediating these genetic influences. Individual differences in the neural processes underlying response inhibition can be studied using ERPs elicited in the Go-NoGo tasks, in which the subject is required to inhibit a prepotent motor response. Twin studies of response inhibition-related ERPs are scarce. Anokhin et al. (2004) investigated ERP components elicited in a Go-NoGo task and found significant heritability of peak amplitudes of two ERP components that are elicited by No-Go stimuli that required inhibition of a prepared response , the frontal N2 component (60%) and the “anteriorized” P3 component (58%), suggesting that individual differences in the neural correlate of response inhibition are strongly influenced by genetic factors. Previous studies suggest that the No-Go ERP effects are produced by a
