the frontal N2 component (60%) and the “anteriorized” P3 component (58%), suggesting that individual differences in the neural correlate of response inhibition are strongly influenced by genetic factors. Previous studies suggest that the No-Go ERP effects are produced by a rapid activation of the network involving anterior cingulate and lateral prefrontal cortices subserving the detection and resolution of conflict between simultaneously active, but incompatible task-related representations, namely, execution and inhibition of a prepotent response (Nieuwenhuis et al., 2003; van Veen and Carter, 2002). The anteriorization of P3 can be an electrophysiological manifestation of the engagement of the prefrontally mediated cognitive control processes required for the resolution of the Go-NoGo conflict. Subsequent analyses of data from the same experiment using inter-trial phase-locking measure to assess neural synchrony showed that the degree of task-related phase synchronization of brain oscillations in the No-Go condition is modestly but significantly influenced by genetic factors (Mueller et al., 2007).
