Summary statistics for AUD from FinnGen data freeze 5 were downloaded from the FinnGen website (http://r5.finngen.fi/). Details of the genotyping, imputation and QC for FinnGen data were described previously19. There were 8,866 AUD cases defined by ICD-8/9/10 codes and 209,926 controls. Association analysis was performed using a SAIGE66 mixed model with age, sex and ten PCs as covariates. Positions of the variants were lifted over to build 37 (GRCh37/hg19) for meta-analysis.
