Trauma exposure is a well-established risk factor for substance use and related problems in adolescents (Duncan et al., 2008; Kendler et al., 2000; Kilpatrick et al., 2000; Molnar et al., 2001; Nelson et al., 2002; Sartor et al., 2013b; Sullivan et al., 2004;Walsh et al., 2014; Zinzow et al., 2009). Childhood assaultive trauma such as sexual abuse and physical abuse have been the most investigated (Caetano et al., 2003; Sartor et al., 2015), but non-assaultive trauma (i.e., witnessing violence, accidents and natural disasters) have also been found to increase substance-related behaviors, although the data are less consistent (Cerda et al., 2011;Hasin et al., 2007; Keyes et al., 2011; North et al., 2004). Most epidemiologic research has focused primarily on the association between trauma and alcohol related outcomes with studies specifically investigating the relationship of trauma exposure and cannabis outcomes has been scarce (Cougle et al., 2011; Kevorkian et al., 2015; Sartor et al., 2015). Studies which have focused on cannabis outcomes have revealed that exposure to a traumatic event alone and PTSD have both been associated with cannabis outcomes. Cougle
