Educational attainment was measured as the target individual’s highest level of education attained as of age 27 on a scale of 1–10 (1=8th grade or lower … 10=more than four years of school beyond high school). Length of unemployment was measured at age 27 as the total length of unemployment, in months, since high school (while not in school or at home having a baby). The length of unemployment also included time in jail or prison if he or she did not work.
