amphetamines, barbiturates, marijuana, heroin, synthetic narcotics, other narcotics, cocaine/crack, hallucinogens, and PCP; (6) Self-medication reasons for drinking was assessed by asking participants to rate the importance (1 = “not at all,” 2 = “fairly important,” 3 = “very important”) of 9 statements regarding their drinking in the preceding 3 months. We formed a composite to calculate the mean response of the 9 items; and (7) Chronicity of alcohol-related medical problems was assessed with 26 items. Patients were asked to indicate the frequency of such problems using a 3-point scale (1 = never, 2 = sometimes, 3 = frequently). We formed a composite by taking the mean of the 26 items.
