The remaining eight variables reflected substance use and comorbid psychopathology and were based on standardized assessments: (1) Family alcoholism vulnerability was assessed with the FHAM (Rice et al. 1995), which yields a proportion of all first-degree relatives, excluding offspring, reported by the patient to be alcoholic; (2) Physical and social consequences of drinking were assessed with the Short Index of Problems (SIP; Miller et al. 1995, Feinn et al. 2003); (3) Alcohol dependence liability was assessed with 49 items from the 51-item MacAndrew alcoholism scale derived from the MMPI. To obtain an uncontaminated measure of dependence risk, we did not include 2 items that asked about alcohol use; (4) Lifetime depression severity was assessed using a count of the number of lifetime major depressive symptoms on the SCID; (5) Intensity of drinking was assessed using the Timeline Follow-back. Participants reported the number of drinking days and the total amount of standard drinks consumed in the preceding 90 days; drinks per drinking day was determined by dividing the total number of standard drinks by the number of drinking days; (6) Lifetime
