Prenatal alcohol exposure has widespread effects on the brain of exposed offspring. Many studies have reported an association between exposure and a reduction in total brain volume along with specific regions including caudate, cerebellum and corpus callosum (Archibald et al., 2001; Nardelli et al., 2011; Rajaprakash et al., 2014; Donald et al., 2015). Reduced frontal lobe volume and reduced total brain gray matter volume are commonly reported among individuals with prenatal exposures to alcohol (Astley et al., 2009; Sowell et al., 2002a,b).
