Regional decreases in temporal lobe gray matter (Li et al., 2008; Sowell et al., 2002a) including the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe have been reported (Coles et al., 2011). In both adolescents and adults with fetal alcohol syndrome, the hippocampus has been shown to be relatively smaller than normal, even after correcting for total brain volume (Nardelli et al., 2011). Similarly, amygdala volume has also been reported to be altered in association with prenatal alcohol exposure (Nardelli et al., 2011), though no differences were seen in other reports (Archibald et al., 2001; Riikonen et al., 2005).
