Ninety-five alcohol-dependent subjects admitted to one of two residential treatment programs were enrolled in this study. Eligible subjects had to be at least 50 years of age and meet DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence. Subjects were not included if they had a current DSM-IV diagnosis of any psychoactive substance dependence other than alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, or nicotine. Subjects with psychosis or manic symptoms were not included. The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Pennsylvania, and all subjects provided written informed consent prior to study participation.
