An exploratory factor analysis of the full sample revealed that a single factor solution provided a reasonable fit to the data (Comparative Fit Index (CFI): 0.996, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA): 0.054). While a 2-factor exploratory solution modestly improved these fit indices (e.g., 2 factor solution: CFI: 0.999, RMSEA: 0.036), the inter-factor correlation was 0.90. Hence, we proceeded with the more parsimonious single factor confirmatory analysis, which readily approximates item response parameters. Confirmatory factor analysis of the 4 DSM-IV abuse, 6 DSM-IV dependence and the DSM-5 withdrawal and craving criteria revealed high factor loadings (0.75 – 0.90) for all criteria except legal problems (0.23), which was excluded (consistent with DSM-5) from further analyses comparing factor loadings and thresholds for each individual criterion across EA and AA males and females. The factor loadings and thresholds (all significant at p < .0001) from the model allowing for statistically significant differences across individual items are shown in Table 2. Factor loadings and thresholds could not be constrained across the groups for hazardous use, interpersonal problems, withdrawal, using more than intended, repeated/failed
