above .90. Scores from both reporters were standardized and summed to create the substance use norms and expectations scale. These scales were developed and tested in previous intervention studies (Brody et al., 2004), in which they evinced good predictive validity. Responses to these scales forecast substance use in longitudinal epidemiological analyses (Brody, Chen, & Kogan, 2010; Brody, Chen, et al., 2006; Brody & Ge, 2001) and analyses of randomized prevention trials (Brody, Chen, Kogan, Smith, & Brown, 2010; Brody, Murry, et al., 2006; Brody et al., 2004).
