( p: 0.240) and race/ethnicity × gender were non-significant ( p: 0.568). In the full sample, physical abuse was associated with TUD (OR 1.3, aOR 1.2). Interactions with race/ethnicity ( p: 0.831) and race/ethnicity × gender were non-significant ( p: 0.218). However, there was a significant interaction with gender ( p < 0.001) wherein greater associations were observed among males (males OR 1.4, females OR 1.2).
