Olfaction is the primary sensory modality in rodents and has been extensively studied in the context of memory [for a review see Ref. (264)] and odor identification and discrimination [see Ref. (265) for review]. The olfactory circuitry is susceptible to damage from prenatal ethanol with consistent reports of olfactory bulb damage following various ethanol administration methods in mice [drinking water GD 0–26 (266); injection GD8 (67)] and rats [gastronomy PND 4–9 (267)]. Odor memory can be examined through classical conditioning tasks where an odor can be paired with either an appetitive or aversive stimulus followed by examining the orienting response of the animal to an odor. These tasks can easily be carried out early in life, by pairing an odor with tactile stimulation (268) or a footshock (269) among others (see Figure 2). These tasks can be modified for use in juvenile and adult rodents in odor operant boxes, or olfactometers, where the delivery of an odor signals an action for the animal, such as a nosepoke, in order to receive a water reward (270). These olfactometers can also be
