in juvenile and adult rodents in odor operant boxes, or olfactometers, where the delivery of an odor signals an action for the animal, such as a nosepoke, in order to receive a water reward (270). These olfactometers can also be used to examine odor discriminative abilities in rodents. Odor memory in early life is impaired by prenatal ethanol (liquid diet, GD 6–20) where a PND 3 rat pup is unable to learn aversive (odor + footshock) and appetitive (odor + milk delivery) odor association tasks (271). Interestingly, the impairment in odor associative memory is not apparent at adulthood in an aversive odor association (271). Mice exposed to ethanol in utero (drinking water GD 0–26) have poor discriminative abilities when given similar odors in odor mixture studies though odor associative memory remained intact (266). As with human beings, neonate rats exposed to ethanol in utero (liquid diet GD 5–22) where ethanol odor presentation at P15 elicits an altered behavioral response to the odor compared to controls (272).
