Youth were selected from an ongoing longitudinal study that follows youth with and without risk factors for AUD (i.e., conduct disorder and positive family histories) from ages 12 to 14 through young-adulthood to identify neurocognitive risk factors for substance problems (Anderson et al., 2005; Nagel et al., 2005, 2006; Schweinsburg et al., 2005b). The focus of this analysis was to identify neural features of FHP youth vis-à-vis fMRI response to a SWM task. Recruitment fliers were mailed to households of San Diego area middle school students. Youth eligibility was preliminarily ascertained through a brief telephone interview. After a description of the study, written informed consent and assent, approved by the University of California San Diego Human Research Protections Program, were obtained from parents and adolescents, respectively. Eligible youth were administered a 90-minute detailed screening interview covering personal substance use histories using the Customary Drinking and Drug Use Record (Brown et al., 1998), psychiatric diagnoses using the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (C-DISC-4.0; Shaffer et al., 2000), and FH using the Family History Assessment Module (FHAM; Rice et al., 1995).
