But if genomic data are to be shared, the governance of this “commons” must be decided. ELSI Congress presentations reported on the NIH’s decision to restrict access to genomic research data shared through dbGap, and on data governance policies that have altered scientific practice in the U.S., in Mexico, and in the U.K. [B-5; E-5; G-2]. International collaborations bring particular challenges, and one presenter elaborated on these challenges, suggesting that some can be met through establishing shared values among members of these consortia [E-5, Knoppers].