Our findings are consistent with the cascade models linking early experience and resulting behavior problems to adolescent substance use and abuse (Dodge et al., 2009; Martell et al., 2009). Neither of these models was specifically focused on the impact of child maltreatment on substance use and abuse. However, both models note early parenting risk as an important instigating source for the unfolding of subsequent child maladaptation and conduct disturbance. Utilizing the cascade modeling approach of Masten and colleagues (Burt & Roisman, 2010; Burt et al., 2008; Masten et al., 2005) with repeated assessment of the developmental constructs across assessment waves and controlling for within-wave covariation among constructs, allowed for amore precise delineation of influences among externalizing, internalizing, and social competence across development. We also focused on CAD symptoms rather than the onset of substance use in general (cf. Dodge et al., 2009).Marijuana is an illicit substance, and examination of problematic cannabis use as indicated by abuse and dependence symptoms indicates further penetrance of problematic substance use than initiation alone. Problems with cannabis use have been identified as particularly salient among
