(DSM-IV-r) differentiated between alcohol abuse (i.e., a maladaptive pattern of drinking that results in failure to fulfill obligations; conflicts with the law; exposure of individuals to physically hazardous situations) and alcoholism (i.e., a maladaptive pattern of drinking characterized by tolerance, withdrawal, loss of control over intake, and continued consumption despite knowledge of adverse consequences). Throughout this review the terms ‘alcoholism’ (DSM-IV-r) and ‘AUD’ (DSM5) will be used interchangeably.
