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Chunk #0 — Introduction

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Neuroimaging in alcohol use disorder: From mouse to man.
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Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in first world countries and affects millions around the globe (Rehm et al., 2015). It is estimated that AUD accounts for 4% of the global disease burden (Connor, Haber, & Hall, 2016). In the United States (2012 −2013), 36% of the male and 23% of the female population met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM5) criteria for AUD at least once during their lifetime (Connor et al., 2016; Grant et al., 2015). This most recent version of the DSM conceptualizes alcoholism as a spectrum, ranging in severity from mild to severe, and referred to as AUD. ‘Uncomplicated alcoholism’ is a term used to distinguish AUD with complications such as liver disease from AUD with no obvious clinical features (Zahr & Pfefferbaum, 2017). The previous DSM version (DSM-IV-r) differentiated between alcohol abuse (i.e., a maladaptive pattern of drinking that results in failure to fulfill obligations; conflicts with the law; exposure of individuals to physically hazardous situations) and alcoholism (i.e., a maladaptive pattern of drinking characterized by tolerance,