It is important to note this paper includes language related to both race-ethnicity, which reflects socially-constructed categories, and genetic similarity, which uses empirical assignment based on available reference panels, because both are relevant for the current analyses. Prior work has established that racism, discrimination, and adverse social conditions — to which marginalized populations are disproportionally exposed — are relevant to suicide outcomes56–58. Additionally, we follow best practices for handling genetic data from diverse populations to limit bias from population stratification59. The inclusion of both concepts in no way endorses the notion that these reflect discrete biological categories.
