NRD1 on Chr1 was expressed in rodent brain in the present study. It has been hypothesized to play specific roles in neuronal development in mice (72). Recently, Bernstein et al. (73) demonstrated that NRD1 enzyme was widely, but unevenly, expressed in the human brain and might possibly play a role in brain development too. More recently, it has been shown that NRD1 is a critical regulator in axonal maturation and myelination, which are essential processes for establishing an efficient neuronal signaling network (74). Involvement of NRD1 in alcohol dependence is possibly related to this network.