The meta-analysis sample comprises 57 cohorts collected in Europe, North America and Australia, totaling 41,917 BD cases and 371,549 controls of European descent (Supplementary Table 1). The total effective n, equivalent to an equal number of cases and controls in each cohort (4*ncases*ncontrols/(ncases + ncontrols)), is 101,962. For 52 cohorts, individual-level genotype and phenotype data were shared with the PGC. Cohorts have been added to the PGC in five waves (PGC19, PGC224, PGC PsychChip, PGC3 and External Studies); all cohorts from previous PGC BD GWAS were included. The source and inclusion/exclusion criteria for cases and controls for each cohort are described in the Supplementary Note. Cases were required to meet international consensus criteria (DSM-IV, ICD-9, or ICD-10) for a lifetime diagnosis of BD, established using structured diagnostic instruments from assessments by trained interviewers, clinician-administered checklists, or medical record review. In most cohorts, controls were screened for the absence of lifetime psychiatric disorders and randomly selected from the population. For five cohorts (iPSYCH30, deCODE genetics31, Estonian Biobank32, Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT)33 and UK Biobank34), GWAS summary statistics for BD were shared
