On the other hand, ethanol-derived acetate may convert to acetyl-CoA and promote brain histone acetylation (Mews et al., 2019). In hippocampal neurons, such epigenetic changes result in altered transcriptomic profiles to promote neuronal signal transduction, and hence the alcohol-induced associative learning and memory (Mews et al., 2019) that allows environmental stimuli paired with alcohol to acquire the ability to trigger alcohol-seeking behaviours.