In the “Protein” category, protein trafficking was identified in a rat model of differential ethanol preference [57], while ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation was altered following chronic ethanol inhalation [30, 53, 63]. Both processes however were affected in human alcoholics [55, 59, 61, 65]. Interestingly, an inhibitor of protein translation reversed some of the transcriptional changes induced by acute ethanol [48].
