drinking in AUD individuals [11]. Interestingly, poor memory performance (low score on forward memory span) was associated with hyperconnectivity in three delta and alpha band connections, where AUD group showed both hyperconnectivity and poor memory performance. On the other hand, faster memory performance (shorter average time) was associated with hyperconnectivity in one delta connection, where AUD individuals manifested slower memory performance and hypoconnectivity. These findings highlighted the intricate associations among neurocognitive performance, neural connectivity, and consistent impairments in AUD. While studies have shown that AUD individuals manifest impairments in multiple domains [63,64,150,151,152,153] and some of these deficits can persist even after prolonged abstinence [11], it was surprising to find that AUD individuals did not manifest significant deficits in TOLT, which measures executive functioning such as planning and problem solving [68]. Interestingly, in our previous study with the same groups of subjects, we reported that that lower volumes in prefrontal cortex and left hippocampus observed in AUD group were associated with poorer visuospatial memory performance [16]. Furthermore, the hyperconnectivity across parahippocampal hub in the current study as well as in our fMRI FC study with the same sample of individuals [54] may also be related to the deficits in visual memory
