Univariate GLM analyses were used to examine the relationship of the two independent variables: ImpSS scores and parental history of alcohol problems. As mentioned in the Methods section, establishing a significant relationship is needed to establish potential mediation between parental history of alcohol problems and current alcohol and tobacco use by impulsive sensation seeking. GLM analysis indicated that adolescents with a parental history of alcohol problems (11.35 ± 4.404) had higher ImpSS scores than adolescents with no parental history of alcohol problems (10.17 ± 4.511; F(1, 2731) = 31.83, p < .001, partial ε2 = .012).