Items were selected from the larger battery to comprehensively assess the two constructs of interest, BD and CP, which have been frequently identified in prior factor analytic studies of behavioral undercontrol. Mothers completed the Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ; Rothbart et al., 2001), an abridged version of the Eysenck Impulsivity Scale (Eysenck et al., 1984), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach, 1991a), the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Scale (DBD; Pelham et al., 1992), a 6-item measure of Aggression (e.g., frequency of biting, pinching, pushing, or shoving other children), and a 6-item measure of delinquent behavior (e.g., “Has your child ever taken something from a store without paying for it?”). Teachers completed the Teacher Report Form (TRF; Achenbach, 1991b) and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Scale (DBD; Pelham et al., 1992). The individual subscales, their respective numbers of items, and reporter (mother, teacher) are identified in the boxes on the right side of Figure 1. Subscale scores (means or, in the case of the Achenbach measures, T-scores divided by 10 to reduce variance for modeling purposes) were z-scored and averaged within reporter to yield
