the lifetime; and 2) the proportion of second-degree relatives with an alcohol problem in the lifetime (M=0.16, S.D.=0.16, range=0.00 to 0.67). Density did not differ between boys and girls (p=.38). Density was higher among African-Americans than among European-Americans (M=0.21, S.D.=0.17, vs. M=0.14, S.D.=0.16), but not after controlling for maternal education and marital status, F(1, 423)=3.29, p=.07. Density was higher for children of non-married mothers (p=.000), not unexpected given the higher rates of antisocial behavior in father-absent families (Pfiffner et al., 2001). As expected, alcohol problems were more common among the fathers (33.7%) than among the mothers (4.0%). It was rare that both parents were affected (1.4% of families).
