Mothers completed the Mann Family Tree (Mann et al., 1985), a measure of lifetime history of alcohol problems, for themselves, for the child’s biological father, and for their own and the father’s biological siblings and parents (i.e., the child’s first- and second-degree biological relatives, excluding his/her siblings). Ratings were made on a four-point scale from 1) never drank alcohol to 4) was a definite problem drinker (had received treatment for alcohol problems or experienced alcohol-related negative consequences). An alcohol problem was defined as a rating of three (possible problem drinker) or four which is more reliable than requiring the presence of alcohol-related consequences, especially for second-degree relatives (Mann et al., 1985). Consistent with prior practice (Baer et al., 2003), density was calculated as a weighted average of: 1) the proportion of first-degree relatives (mothers/fathers only) with an alcohol problem in the lifetime; and 2) the proportion of second-degree relatives with an alcohol problem in the lifetime (M=0.16, S.D.=0.16, range=0.00 to 0.67). Density did not differ between boys and girls (p=.38). Density was higher among African-Americans than among European-Americans (M=0.21, S.D.=0.17,
