A number of other groups have also developed methods for evaluating the molecular effects of non-synonymous (ns) SNPs [28-36]. Some of these methods form the basis of tools and related analysis that are available through web servers. Facilities range from tools to visualize SNPs in their three dimensional context, such as MutDB [26,27,37], TopoSNP [38-40], SAAP [41,42], to detailed analysis of the molecular effects of nsSNPs. For example, SNPeffect [43] provides a comprehensive analysis of nsSNPs at the protein level [33] including stability analysis using FOLD-X [44], and other functional analysis; PolyPhen [45] models SNP effects with both structure and sequence information [30]; SIFT [46] provides sequence analysis of nsSNPs [28].
