The sample for these analyses consisted of cases, controls, and family-based samples assembled for previous genome-wide PGC mega-analyses of individual-level data.6,7,16,17 Cases and controls were not related. For the family-based samples, we matched alleles transmitted to affected offspring (trio cases) with untransmitted alleles (pseudo-controls). We estimated the identity-by-descent relation for all pairs of individuals to identify any duplicate individuals in the component datasets. When duplicates were detected, one member of each set was retained. We then randomly allocated these individuals, with a random number generator, to a disorder case-control dataset. Sample sizes differ from previous reports because of this allocation of overlapping individuals. All patients were of European ancestory and met criteria from the DSM third edition revised or fourth edition for the primary disorder of interest.
