Thirty-two case-control cohorts from Europe, North America, and Australia including 20,352 cases and 31,358 controls of European ancestry were meta-analyzed to identify 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder. Cases met criteria for lifetime diagnosis of bipolar disorder as defined by DSM-IV, ICD-9, or ICD-10, which was established using interview-based structured assessment, clinician-administered checklists, or review of medical records. All subjects in the meta-analysis were included in the current study.
