The moderating effect of peer deviance on adolescent alcohol use was robust to both of these tests. After systematically choosing the best fitting model, peer deviance was shown to moderate the additive genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental influences on alcohol use. These results were found for both the raw and transformed versions of the alcohol use variable. The consistency of these findings across transformation is further supported by the literature. Using the same Finnish sample Dick, Pagan, et al. (2007) found that friends’ alcohol use significantly moderated the additive genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental influences on adolescents’ alcohol use at age 17.5. In a different sample, Harden et al. (2008) found that the effect of a best friend’s substance use was greater among adolescents with higher genetic liabilities. Peer deviance is also found to interact with genetic risk for both alcohol use disorder and externalizing phenotypes in general on level of alcohol consumption (Kendler et al., 2011). In all the aforementioned studies, at higher levels of peer deviance/substance use there were greater genetic effects. The consistent support in
