All chemicals used in this study were from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA), unless indicated otherwise. Secondary antibodies and specific primary antibody to RAGE, JNK, and p-JNK were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies to CYP2E1, p38 MAPK (p38), and 3-NT were from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, MA, USA). Anti-AGE antibody was purchased from Fitzgerald Industries (Acton, MA, USA). Antibody for osteopontin (OPN) was obtained from University of IOWA, (Iowa City, IA, USA).
