with injury of themselves or others due to their own alcohol use, may also bias reports. Alternatively, patients may also overestimate their drinking; for example, those with violence-related injuries may over-report alcohol consumption to excuse behavior that would otherwise be seen as socially unacceptable (MacAndrew and Edgerton, 1969). For respondents consuming large quantities, there bay also be the reality that they simply cannot remember how much they consumed which could lead to substantial measurement error at high quantity levels. In addition, although efforts were made to obtain BAC and self-report data from those presenting to the ER with more serious conditions, this was not possible for all cases. Prior work has found that such cases have relatively high rates of positive BAC (15%) readings and may be more likely to have relatively high BAC levels (Touquet et al., 2008).
