For the self-reported silver standard, the respondent is asked about the number of drinks consumed six hours prior to the injury. This formalized period of inquiry may cause some respondents, as instructed, to attempt to mentally truncate the consumption for the entire drinking occasion to that occurring in the requested period (when, in fact, alcohol consumed prior to six hours before the injury, if in large enough quantities, could also contribute to positive BAC at the time of assessment) while others will report consumption during the entire drinking occasion they deem associated with the period prior to the injury, whether six hours or longer. Other problems with self-reports, including recall bias paired with the consumption of larger quantities of ethanol as well as the possible fear of legal repercussions (e.g., traffic accidents) (Borges et al., 2006) or other liabilities associated with injury of themselves or others due to their own alcohol use, may also bias reports. Alternatively, patients may also overestimate their drinking; for example, those with violence-related injuries may over-report alcohol consumption to excuse behavior that would otherwise be
