In discussing these findings, it may help to identify some differences between the gold standard measures outlined in the introduction and those available here. The parallel measures to the self-report volume and BAC gold standards available in the present study are the respondent’s self-report of the number of drinks consumed six hours before the injury and BAC at time of arrival to the ER (which may perhaps be referred to as the self-report and BAC ‘silver standards’). In addition to the lack of important drinking context information for these studies, shown to be vital to an accurate linkage of even the gold standard measures, silver standard measures may contain additional potential sources of error and bias.
