Stacked model comparisons by gender for each pubertal timing group revealed two differences in the magnitude of effects (see Figure 1 & 2). For late maturing adolescents, parent-child relationships was associated with girls’ but not boys’ increased cigarette use twelve months later (girls, β = .25, p<.01; boys, β = .00, p>.10; Δχ12 = 4.78, p<.05). Also, alcohol use was associated with increased problems in the parent-child relationship one year later for late maturing girls but not late maturing boys (girls, β = .18, p<.01; boys, β = .04, p>.10; Δχ12 = 6.55, p<.01).
