all adipose tissue within the abdominal cavity with exclusion of the muscle region, calculated by multiplying the number of pixels within this range by a single pixel area. Abdominal subcutaneous fat was defined as the difference in the area between the entire adipose tissue in the scan and visceral fat. To assess the reproducibility of these measurements, 5% of the data was re-read in a blinded fashion. The intra-class correlation coefficients of reliability ranged from 0.93 to 1.000.