Chunk #34 — Methods — Study population

Source

Combined analysis of circulating β-endorphin with gene polymorphisms in OPRM1, CACNAD2 and ABCB1 reveals correlation with pain, opioid sensitivity and opioid-related side effects.

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All patients had received opioids, but none was receiving daily doses of strong opioids at the time of opioid testing and blood sampling. The results obtained from the patients were compared with those from the control population of 56 healthy volunteers without pain.