on candidate genes (e.g., Bakermans-Kranenburg et al., 2008; Beach et al., 2010), and, thus are interesting more from a proof of principle standpoint at this time. However, as we have robust genome-wide polygenic scores and identified genes from large-scale gene identification consortia, developmental scientists can play an active role in mapping the behavioral phenotypes that represent earlier manifestations of genetic predispositions and how these outcomes are moderated by the environment (Carlson et al., 2004, Dick et al., 2008). Characterizing these pathways will inform our understanding of how genetic risk unfolds across time, and the nature of malleability of associated outcomes as a function of intervention. Information about genetic risk, and the intermediary behavioral phenotypes mapped to genetic risk, may prove useful in making decisions about which children are likely to be responsive to which interventions (Dick, 2017).
